Compare Korea, South (2002) - Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2003)

Compare Korea, South (2002) z Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2003)

	Korea, South (2002)	Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2003)

Administrative divisions	9 provinces (do, singular and plural) and 7 metropolitan cities* (gwangyoksi, singular and plural); Cheju-do, Cholla-bukto, Cholla-namdo, Ch'ungch'ong-bukto, Ch'ungch'ong-namdo, Inch'on-gwangyoksi, Kangwon-do, Kwangju-gwangyoksi, Kyonggi-do, Kyongsang-bukto, Kyongsang-namdo, Pusan-gwangyoksi, Soul-t'ukpyolsi, Taegu-gwangyoksi, Taejon-gwangyoksi, Ulsan-gwangyoksi*	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Age structure	0-14 years: 21.4% (male 5,488,808; female 4,875,379) 15-64 years: 71% (male 17,404,645; female 16,894,361) 65 years and over: 7.6% (male 1,434,873; female 2,225,934) (2002 est.)	0-14 years: NA% 15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA%
Agriculture - products	rice, root crops, barley, vegetables, fruit; cattle, pigs, chickens, milk, eggs; fish	fodder and vegetable crops; sheep, dairy products
Airports	102 (2001)	5 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 69 over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 18 1,524 to 2,437 m: 16 914 to 1,523 m: 11 under 914 m: 21 (2002)	total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 33 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 31 (2002)	total: 3 under 914 m: 3 (2002)
Area	total: 98,480 sq km land: 98,190 sq km water: 290 sq km	total: 12,173 sq km land: 12,173 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes the two main islands of East and West Falkland and about 200 small islands
Area - comparative	slightly larger than Indiana	slightly smaller than Connecticut
Background	After World War II, a republic was set up in the southern half of the Korean Peninsula while a Communist-style government was installed in the north. The Korean War (1950-53) had US and other UN forces intervene to defend South Korea from North Korean attacks supported by the Chinese. An armistice was signed in 1953 splitting the peninsula along a demilitarized zone at about the 38th parallel. Thereafter, South Korea achieved rapid economic growth, with per capita income rising to roughly 20 times the level of North Korea. South Korea has maintained its commitment to democratize its political processes. In June 2000, a historic first north-south summit took place between the south's President KIM Dae-jung and the north's leader KIM Chong-il.	Although first sighted by an English navigator in 1592, the first landing (English) did not occur until almost a century later in 1690, and the first settlement (French) was not established until 1764. The colony was turned over to Spain two years later and the islands have since been the subject of a territorial dispute, first between Britain and Spain, then between Britain and Argentina. The UK asserted its claim to the islands by establishing a naval garrison there in 1833. Argentina invaded the islands on 2 April 1982. The British responded with an expeditionary force that landed seven weeks later and after fierce fighting forced Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982.
Birth rate	14.55 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	NA births/1,000 population
Budget	revenues: $118.1 billion expenditures: $95.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $22.6 billion (2000)	revenues: $66.2 million expenditures: $67.9 million, including capital expenditures of $23.2 million (FY98/99 est.)
Capital	Seoul	Stanley
Climate	temperate, with rainfall heavier in summer than winter	cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; average annual rainfall is 24 inches in Stanley; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate
Coastline	2,413 km	1,288 km
Constitution	25 February 1948	3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Korea conventional short form: South Korea local long form: Taehan-min'guk local short form: none note: the South Koreans generally use the term "Han'guk" to refer to their country abbreviation: ROK	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
Currency	South Korean won (KRW)	Falkland pound (FKP)
Death rate	6.02 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	NA deaths/1,000 population
Debt - external	$128.2 billion (2001)	$NA
Dependency status	-	overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Thomas C. HUBBARD embassy: 82 Sejong-ro, Chongro-ku, Seoul 110-710 mailing address: American Embassy, Unit 15550, APO AP 96205-0001 telephone: [82] (2) 397-4114 FAX: [82] (2) 738-8845	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador YANG Song-chol chancery: 2450 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 939-5600 FAX: [1] (202) 387-0205 consulate(s) general: Anchorage, Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Honolulu, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, and Seattle consulate(s): Tamuning (Guam)	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Disputes - international	Demarcation Line with North Korea; Liancourt Rocks/Take-shima/Tok-do disputed with Japan	claimed by Argentina whose forces briefly occupied it in 1982, but now declares it will no longer seek settlement by force
Economic aid - donor	ODA $200 million (2000)	-
Economic aid - recipient	-	none
Economy - overview	As one of the Four Tigers of East Asia, South Korea has achieved an incredible record of growth and integration into the high-tech modern world economy. Three decades ago GDP per capita was comparable with levels in the poorer countries of Africa and Asia. Today its GDP per capita is roughly 20 times North Korea's and equal to the lesser economies of the European Union. This success through the late 1980s was achieved by a system of close government/business ties, including directed credit, import restrictions, sponsorship of specific industries, and a strong labor effort. The government promoted the import of raw materials and technology at the expense of consumer goods and encouraged savings and investment over consumption. The Asian financial crisis of 1997-99 exposed longstanding weaknesses in South Korea's development model, including high debt/equity ratios, massive foreign borrowing, and an undisciplined financial sector. Growth plunged by 6.6% in 1998, then strongly recovered to 10.8% in 1999 and 9.2% in 2000. Growth fell back to 3.3% in 2001 because of the slowing global economy, falling exports, and the perception that much-needed corporate and financial reforms have stalled. Led by industry and construction, growth in 2002 was an impressive 5.8%, despited anemic global growth.	The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but today fishing contributes the bulk of economic activity. In 1987 the government began selling fishing licenses to foreign trawlers operating within the Falklands exclusive fishing zone. These license fees total more than $40 million per year, which goes to support the island's health, education, and welfare system. Squid accounts for 75% of the fish taken. Dairy farming supports domestic consumption; crops furnish winter fodder. Exports feature shipments of high-grade wool to the UK and the sale of postage stamps and coins. The islands are now self-financing except for defense. The British Geological Survey announced a 200-mile oil exploration zone around the islands in 1993, and early seismic surveys suggest substantial reserves capable of producing 500,000 barrels per day; to date no exploitable site has been identified. An agreement between Argentina and the UK in 1995 seeks to defuse licensing and sovereignty conflicts that would dampen foreign interest in exploiting potential oil reserves. Tourism, especially eco-tourism, is increasing rapidly, with about 30,000 visitors in 2001. Another large source of income is interest paid on money the government has in the bank. The British military presence also provides a sizeable economic boost.
Electricity - consumption	254.08 billion kWh (2000)	15.19 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	273.2 billion kWh (2000)	16.33 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 61% hydro: 1% nuclear: 38% other: 0% (2000)	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Sea of Japan 0 m highest point: Halla-san 1,950 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Usborne 705 m
Environment - current issues	air pollution in large cities; acid rain; water pollution from the discharge of sewage and industrial effluents; drift net fishing	overfishing by unlicensed vessels is a problem; reindeer were introduced to the islands in 2001 for commercial reasons; this is the only commercial reindeer herd in the world unaffected by the Chornobyl disaster
Environment - international agreements	party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol	-
Ethnic groups	homogeneous (except for about 20,000 Chinese)	British
Exchange rates	South Korean won per US dollar - 1,317.01 (January 2002), 1,290.99 (2001), 1,130.96 (2000), 1,188.82 (1999), 1,401.44 (1998), 951.29 (1997)	Falkland pounds per US dollar - 0.67 (2002), 0.69 (2001), 0.66 (2000), 0.62 (1999), 0.6 (1998); note - the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound
Executive branch	chief of state: President ROH Muh-hyun (since 25 February 2003) head of government: Prime Minister KO Kun (since 27 February 2003); Deputy Prime Minister KIM Chin-p'yo (since 27 February 2003) cabinet: State Council appointed by the president on the prime minister's recommendation elections: president elected by popular vote for a single five-year term; election last held 19 December 2002 (next to be held NA December 2007); prime minister appointed by the president; deputy prime ministers appointed by the president on the prime minister's recommendation election results: results of the 19 December 2002 election - ROH Muh-hyun elected president, took office 25 February 2003; percent of vote - ROH Muh-hyun (MDP) 48.9%; YI Hoe-chang (GNP) 46.6%; other 4.5%	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Governor Howard PEARCE (since 3 December 2002); Chief Executive Chris SIMPKINS (since NA March 2003); Financial Secretary Derek F. HOWATT (since NA) cabinet: Executive Council; three members elected by the Legislative Council, two ex officio members (chief executive and the financial secretary), and the governor elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch
Exports	$159.2 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	electronic products, machinery and equipment, motor vehicles, steel, ships; textiles, clothing, footwear; fish	wool, hides, meat
Exports - partners	US 20.7%, China 12.1%, Japan 11.0%, Hong Kong 6.3%, Taiwan 3.9% (2001)	Spain 76.2%, UK 9.2%, US 7.1% (2002)
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 April - 31 March
Flag description	white with a red (top) and blue yin-yang symbol in the center; there is a different black trigram from the ancient I Ching (Book of Changes) in each corner of the white field	blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising is the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT
GDP	purchasing power parity - $931 billion (2002 est.)	purchasing power parity - $75 million (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 4% industry: 42% services: 54% (2002 est.)	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $19,400 (2002 est.)	purchasing power parity - $25,000 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	5.8% (2002 est.)	NA%
Geographic coordinates	37 00 N, 127 30 E	51 45 S, 59 00 W
Geography - note	strategic location on Korea Strait	deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season
Heliports	204 (2002)	-
Highways	total: 87,534 km paved: 65,388 km (including 1,996 km of expressways) unpaved: 22,146 km (1999)	total: 440 km paved: 50 km unpaved: 390 km (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 3% highest 10%: 25% (1998 est.)	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	$146.6 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	machinery, electronics and electronic equipment, oil, steel, transport equipment, textiles, organic chemicals, grains	fuel, food and drink, building materials, clothing
Imports - partners	Japan 18.9%, US 15.9%, China 9.4%, Saudi Arabia 5.7%, Australia 3.9% (2001)	UK 57.9%, Spain 19.8%, Italy 16.7% (2002)
Independence	15 August 1945 (from Japan)	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Industrial production growth rate	6.5% (2002 est.)	NA%
Industries	electronics, automobile production, chemicals, shipbuilding, steel, textiles, clothing, footwear, food processing	fish and wool processing; tourism
Infant mortality rate	7.58 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	total: NA% male: NA% female: NA%
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	2.8% (2002 est.)	3.6% (1998)
International organization participation	AfDB, APEC, ARF (dialogue partner), AsDB, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CP, EBRD, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IEA (observer), IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NAM (guest), NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE (partner), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMOGIP, UNOMIG, UNTAET, UNU, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC	ICFTU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	11 (2000)	2 (2000)
Irrigated land	11,590 sq km (1998 est.)	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court (justices are appointed by the president with the consent of the National Assembly)	Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction
Labor force	22 million (2001)	1,100 (est.)
Labor force - by occupation	services 69%, industry 22%, agriculture 10% (2001)	agriculture 95% (mostly sheepherding and fishing)
Land boundaries	total: 238 km border countries: North Korea 238 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 17.44% permanent crops: 2.05% other: 80.51% (1998 est.)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (99% permanent pastures, 1% other) (1998 est.)
Languages	Korean, English widely taught in junior high and high school	English
Legal system	combines elements of continental European civil law systems, Anglo-American law, and Chinese classical thought	English common law
Legislative branch	unicameral National Assembly or Kukhoe (273 seats total - 227 elected by direct, popular vote; members serve four-year terms); note - beginning in 2004, all members will be directly elected; possible redistricting before 2004 may affect the number of seats in the National Assembly elections: last held 13 April 2000 (next to be held NA April 2004) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - GNP 133, MDP 115, ULD 17, other 8; note - the distribution of seats as of January 2002 is: GNP 136, MDP 118, ULD 15, DPP 2, independents 2	unicameral Legislative Council (10 seats - 2 ex officio, 8 elected by popular vote, members serve four-year terms); presided over by the governor elections: last held 22 November 2001 (next to be held NA November 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 8; note - 71% voter turnout
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 74.88 years male: 71.2 years female: 78.95 years (2002 est.)	total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98% male: 99.3% female: 96.7% (1995 est.)	-
Location	Eastern Asia, southern half of the Korean Peninsula bordering the Sea of Japan and the Yellow Sea	Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina
Map references	Asia	South America
Maritime claims	contiguous zone: 24 NM continental shelf: not specified exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM; between 3 NM and 12 NM in the Korea Strait	continental shelf: 200 NM exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	total: 501 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,679,171 GRT/9,172,403 DWT ships by type: bulk 104, cargo 160, chemical tanker 47, combination bulk 6, container 52, liquefied gas 16, multi-functional large-load carrier 1, passenger 3, petroleum tanker 73, refrigerated cargo 25, roll on/roll off 5, short-sea passenger 1, specialized tanker 3, vehicle carrier 5, includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Australia 1, Bulgaria 1, China 1, Greece 1, Japan 1, Malaysia 1, Norway 1, Panama 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1, United Kingdom 1 (2002 est.)	none (2002 est.)
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches	Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, National Maritime Police (Coast Guard)	British Forces Falkland Islands no regular indigenous military forces; (includes Army, Royal Air Force, and Royal Navy), Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$12.8 billion (FY00)	$NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	2.8% (FY00)	NA%
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 14,194,960 (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 8,990,488 (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - military age	18 years of age (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 394,397 (2002 est.)	-
National holiday	Liberation Day, 15 August (1945)	Liberation Day, 14 June (1982)
Nationality	noun: Korean(s) adjective: Korean	noun: Falkland Islander(s) adjective: Falkland Island
Natural hazards	occasional typhoons bring high winds and floods; low-level seismic activity common in southwest	strong winds persist throughout the year
Natural resources	coal, tungsten, graphite, molybdenum, lead, hydropower potential	fish, squid, wildlife, calcified seaweed, sphagnum moss
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Pipelines	petroleum products 455 km; note - additionally, there is a parallel petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) pipeline being completed	-
Political parties and leaders	Democratic People's Party or DPP [CHO Sun, chairman]; Grand National Party or GNP [YI Hoe-chang, president]; Millennium Democratic Party or MDP [leader NA]; United Liberal Democrats or ULD [KIM Chong-p'il, honorary chairman, KIM Chong-ho, acting president] note: on 20 January 2000, the National Congress for New Politics or NCNP was renamed the Millennium Democratic Party or MDP	none; all independents
Political pressure groups and leaders	Federation of Korean Industries; Federation of Korean Trade Unions; Korean Confederation of Trade Unions; Korean National Council of Churches; Korean Traders Association; Korean Veterans' Association; National Council of Labor Unions; National Democratic Alliance of Korea; National Federation of Farmers' Associations; National Federation of Student Associations	none
Population	48.324 million (July 2002 est.)	2,967 (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line	4% (2001 est.)	NA%
Population growth rate	0.85% (2002 est.)	2.44% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors	Chinhae, Inch'on, Kunsan, Masan, Mokp'o, P'ohang, Pusan, Tonghae-hang, Ulsan, Yosu	Stanley note: the primary port is located in Stanley Harbour and known locally as FIPASS (Falkland Interim Port and Storage System); the facility consists of seven permanently moored barges providing 300 meters of berthing space; it was installed by the military after 1982 and handed over to the Falkland Islands Government in 1988
Radio broadcast stations	AM 104, FM 136, shortwave 5 (2001)	AM 1, FM 7, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	47.5 million (2000)	-
Railways	total: 3,124 km standard gauge: 3,124 km 1.435-m gauge (661 km electrified) (2000)	0 km
Religions	Christian 49%, Buddhist 47%, Confucianist 3%, Shamanist, Chondogyo (Religion of the Heavenly Way), and other 1%	primarily Anglican, Roman Catholic, United Free Church, Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Seventh-Day Adventist
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.11 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.13 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.65 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	-
Suffrage	20 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: excellent domestic and international services domestic: NA international: fiber-optic submarine cable to China; the Russia-Korea-Japan submarine cable; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 Inmarsat (Pacific Ocean region)	general assessment: NA domestic: government-operated radiotelephone and private VHF/CB radiotelephone networks provide effective service to almost all points on both islands international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) with links through London to other countries
Telephones - main lines in use	24 million (2000)	NA
Telephones - mobile cellular	28 million (September 2000)	NA
Television broadcast stations	121 (plus 850 repeater stations and the eight-channel American Forces Korea Network) (1999)	2 (operated by the British Forces Broadcasting Service) note: cable television is available in Stanley (2002)
Terrain	mostly hills and mountains; wide coastal plains in west and south	rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains
Total fertility rate	1.72 children born/woman (2002 est.)	NA children born/woman
Unemployment rate	3.1% (2002 est.)	full employment; labor shortage
Waterways	1,609 km note: restricted to small native craft	none

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